India

 D.EL.ED II YEAR (2022-23) Course Code 201 PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES OF EDUCATION TIME : 3 HOURS MAXIMUM MARKS:75  All questions are compulsory 1. Learning is an active process because - a. Learning takes place when there is some information given to the learner. b. Learning refers to memorisation and an activev change in one's behaviour. c.Knowledge is constructed by learner by acting upon it. d.Learning is governed primarily by biological factors. Answer C 2. Which of the following skill is associated with emotional intelligence- a. Memorising b Envisaging c. Empathising d. Motor processing Answer C 3. According to psychologist what are the two different types of motivation a. Imaginative and objective motivation b Happy and sad motivation c. Initial and final motivation d. Internal and external motivation Answer D 4. The approcah to couselling in which the therapeutic process is directed along lines considered relavant by the counsellor is named as : a. Non-directive C

I. Introduction Max Wertheimer is the father of Gestalt Theory. Later on, Wertheimer’s theory was further refined and developed by Kurt Koffka and Wolfgang Kohler. C.V.Good defines gestalt-configration, total structure, form or shape, a term designating an undivided articulate as a whole that cannot be made by the more addition of independent elements, the nature of each element depending on its relationship to the whole. The term ‘gestalt’ means a whole, a total composition. According to this theory, an individual learns an object as a whole, a single entity, not in parts or bits. In other words, an individual’s understanding of an object comprehends the whole object, not merely parts or bits of the object. This theory can be summed up in the succinct statement: ‘The whole is greater than the sum of its parts.’ II. Life sketch of Kohler Kohler was born on 21st January, 1887 in the port city of Reval (now Tallinn), Governorate of Estonia, Russian Empire. His family was of German origin

In 1956, The American Educational Psychologist Robert M. Gagne proposed a System of classifying different types of  learning  in terms of the degree of Complexity of the mental Process Involved. Gagne identified eight basic types and arranged them in the hierarchy. According to Him, The Higher-order learning in this hierarchy builds upon the lower levels, requiring progressively greater amounts of previous learning for their success. The lowest four orders tend to focus on the more behavioural aspects of learning while the highest four focus on the more cognitive aspects. The most complete description of Gagne’s classes of behaviour appears in his ‘The conditions of Learning. In this theory, Gagne distinguishes eight types of learning beginning with the simple forms and ending with the complex. What Are Gagne Conditions of Learning? Learning according to Gagne is- Learning is cumulative. Human intellectual development is the building of increasingly complex structures of Human Capabili